| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
''Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism'' (French: ''Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire du Jacobinisme'') is a book by Abbé Augustin Barruel, a French Jesuit priest. It was written and published in French in 1797-98, and translated into English in 1799.
In the book, Barruel claims that the French Revolution was the result of a deliberate conspiracy or plot to overthrow the throne, altar and aristocratic society in Europe. The plot was allegedly hatched by a coalition of philosophes, Freemasons. The conspirators created a system that was inherited by the Jacobins who operated it to its greatest potential. The ''Memoirs'' purports to expose the Revolution as the culmination of a long history of subversion. Barruel was not the first to make these charges but he was the first to present them in a fully developed historical context and his evidence was on a quite unprecedented scale. Barruel wrote each of the first three volumes of the book as separate discussions of those who contributed to the conspiracy. The fourth volume is an attempt to unite them all in a description of the Jacobins in the French Revolution. ''Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism'' is representative of the criticism of the Enlightenment that spread throughout Europe during the Revolutionary period.
Barruel’s ''Memoirs'' is considered one of the founding documents of the right-wing interpretation of the French Revolution.〔Amos Hofman, “Opinion, Illusion, and the Illusion of Opinion: Barruel’s Theory of Conspiracy,” Eighteenth Century Studies Vol. 27 No. 1 (1993), 28.〕 It became popular immediately after it was published and was read and commented on by most of the important literary and political journals of the day.〔Hofman, 28.〕 The four volumes of the text were published in a number of languages and created a debate about the role of the philosophes, their ideas, and the Enlightenment in the French Revolution. They remained in print well into the 20th century and contributed to the historical interpretation of the late 18th century in France. The success of Barruels work is testimony to the anti-philosophical discourse that spread in the aftermath of the revolution. Barruel left behind a construction of the Enlightenment that was destined to influence subsequent interpretations. He wound accusations tightly around his foes and tied them into positions from which they could not escape.〔Darrin M. McMahon, Enemies of the Enlightenment, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 192.〕 The text created a link between the Enlightenment and the Revolution and this connection remains a topic of historical debate.
==Background==
Abbé Augustin Barruel (1741–1820) became a Jesuit in 1756 but by 1762 anti-Jesuit feeling in France had become so strong that he left and travelled for many years, returning only in 1773.〔Peter Knight, Conspiracy Theories in American History, (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003), 115.〕 The events of the French Revolution in 1792 caused him to leave again and take refuge in England. His dislike and hostility towards the philosophes was well known and well developed before 1789 as he had been on the editorial staff of the popular anti-philosophe literary journal ''Année littéraire ''decades before the Revolution.〔Graeme Garrard, Counter Enlightenments: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present, (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), 37.〕 In 1797, when living in exile in London, he wrote the ''Memoirs.'' It was published in French by the French publishing company at 128 Wardour Street, Oxford Street, London.〔Jasper Ridley, The Freemasons, (London: Constable and Company Limited, 2003), 142.〕 An English edition was issued the same year, and the work quickly became a commercial success.〔Will Kaufman, Britain and the Americas, (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2005), 488.〕 The multi-volume work went through four revised French editions by 1799 and was translated into English, German, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, and Russian as editions were issued in London, Hamburg, Augsburg, Luxembourg, St. Petersburg, Dublin, Naples and Rome before the fall of Napoleon.〔McMahon, 113.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|